But if the Svalbard mine no longer has any economic use, how does Moscow secure its claim to a presence in Barentsburg?
In addition to its very limited physical presence, Moscow employs what could be described as postmodern politics. Russia tells stories about Russian history in Svalbard. Numerous exhibitions are organized, films are produced, and nostalgia is cultivated. The costs for this are low. But the material produced creates the image that Svalbard is important to Russia – both at home and abroad.
Will Barentsburg still exist in this form in 2036?
Yes. Who knows, maybe the Russians will then import coal South Africato burn them in the power plant. (laughs)
Why does Russia even want to stay in Svalbard if it is an economic loss?
To ensure that the situation on the islands does not develop in a negative direction for Moscow. It’s about being there, observing – and about showing Norway and the whole world that Russia remains vigilant.
Some experts in Germany say Svalbard is NATO’s “Achilles heel.” Do you consider the Russian presence in the archipelago a danger?
No, I don’t think so. The Russian presence on Svalbard is not particularly impressive.
And if you assume not the Russians in Barentsburg, but a possible military operation against the archipelago?
It would not be difficult for Russia to take Svalbard in a military operation. What matters is how NATO responds. Therefore, Norway must continually remind that Svalbard is part of its territory and is covered by Article 5 of NATO.
Could these assurances not lead to Russia feeling provoked and thus pressured into military action?
I don’t think Russia has a particular interest in tensions in the north because Moscow has enough to do in Ukraine at the moment. However, Norway interprets the Svalbard Treaty to the effect that Svalbard is not completely demilitarized and planning for possible disputes is compatible with the treaty. But these plans must not look like impending militarization. You always have to show Russia that it has nothing to fear.
Mr Moe, thank you very much for the interview.
